In the 17th century, French mathematicians Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal were inspired to formulate the

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In the 17th century, French mathematicians Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal were inspired to formulate the modern probability theory after trying to solve the problem of points. Here is a simple example: Pascal and Fermat take turns tossing coins. Fermat wins a point if a head is tossed, and Pascal wins a point if a tail is tossed. If Pascal is ahead 8–7 and the first player with 10 points wins, what is the chance that Pascal will win?

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