P9.10 Machine tools are often automatically controlled as shown in Figure P9.10. These automatic systems are often called numerical machine controls [9]. On each axis, the desired position of the machine tool is compared with the actual position and is used to actuate a solenoid coil and the shaft of a hydraulic actuator. The transfer function of the actuator is

X(s) Ka Ga(s) = Y(S) S(+1)' where K 1 and 70.4 s. The output voltage of the difference amplifier is = Eo(s) K(X(s) - Xa(s)), where x(t) is the desired position input. The force on the shaft is proportional to the current i(t), so that F= Ki(t), where K = 3.0. The spring constant K, is equal to 1.5, R = 0.1, and L = 0.2. (a) Determine the gain K that results in a system with a phase margin of P.M. = 30. (b) For the gain K of part (a), determine Mpw, and the closed-loop sys- tem bandwidth. (c) Estimate the percent overshoot of the transient response to a step input Xa(s) = 1/s. and the settling time (to within 2% of the final value).