A curve is specified in polar coordinates (r, u) in the form r = f(). Show that

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A curve is specified in polar coordinates (r, u) in the form r = f(θ). Show that the sectorial area bounded by the line θ = α, θ = β and the curve r = f (θ) (α ≤ θ ≤ β) is given by

[f(0)] de

Also show that the angle Φ between the tangent to the curve at any point P and the polar line OP is given by

cot 0 = 1 dr r de

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