Question: The K a , L a , and M a x rays are emitted in the n = 2 n = 1, n =

The Ka, La, and Ma x rays are emitted in the n = 2 → n = 1, n = 3 → n = 2, and n = 4 → n = 3 transitions respectively. For calcium (Z = 20) the energies of these transitions are 3.69 keV, 0.341 keV, and 0.024 keV, respectively. Suppose that energetic photons impinging on a calcium surface cause ejection of an electron from the K shell of the surface atoms. Compute the energies of the Auger electrons that may be emitted from the L, M, and N shells (n = 2, 3, and 4) of the sample atoms, in addition to the characteristic x rays.

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