A warehouse employs five people to pick items off its shelves and pack them into boxes. It has derived set times for each element of the job as follows: make up case (0.5 minutes), pick items off shelves (12.0 minutes), pack items in case (5.0 minutes), print despatch note (2.0 minutes), seal the case (1.0 minutes) and stack the case (2.0 minutes). The first three activities are classed as medium effort, the fourth and fifth activities are classed as light effort and the final activity is classed as heavy effort. Using Table 9.6, allocate allowances to each of these activities assuming that warehouse staff perform the tasks standing and all other conditions are normal. What is the standard time for packing a case? If the team pack an average of 80 cases in a 7.5-hour day, what is their productivity?

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Table 9.6 An allowances table used by a domestic appliance manufacturer Allowance factors Example Energy needed Negligible Very light Light Medium Heavy Very heavy Posture required Normal Erect Continuously erect Lying Difficult Visual fatigue Nearly continuous attention Continuous attention with varying focus Continuous attention with fixed focus Temperature Very low Low Normal High Very high Atmospheric conditions Good Fair Poor Bad none 0-3 kg 3-10 kg 10-20 kg 20-30 kg Above 30 kg Sitting Standing Standing for long periods On side, face or back Crouching, etc. Below 0C 0-12C 12-23C 23-30C Above 30C Well ventilated Stuffy/smelly Dusty/needs filter Needs respirator Allowance (%) 03510415 15-30 0 O234 4 4-10 235 over 10 0-10 0 0-10 over 10 0 2 2-7 7-12