Generals (presidents and CEOs today) had the autonomy and authority to make decisions to orchestrate those battles any way they wished. As one runs down that list of battles “not achieved,” one should picture the hundreds or thousands of men who died or were wounded in the actual implementation of their decisions. Today’s top leaders have the advantage over those Civil War generals, of having Vroom-Yetton’s tools at their fingertips. Seeing the horrible cost of enacting poor strategic decisions, how could they not use this model to guard against their own decision biases?