(a) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth in a circular orbit around the sun. Is it reasonable to model it as a particle? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of...
A uniform, 4.5-kg, square, solid wooden gate 1.5 m on each side hangs vertically from a frictionless pivot at the center of its upper edge. A 1.1-kg raven flying horizontally at 5.0 m/s flies into...
Tarzan has foolishly gotten himself into another scrape with the animals and must be rescued once again by Jane. The 60.0-kg Jane starts from rest at a height of 5.00 m in the trees and swings down...
A small block on a frictionless, horizontal surface has a mass of 0.0250 kg. It is attached to a massless cord passing through a hole in the surface (Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving...
In November 2003, the now-most-distant-known object in the solar system was discovered by observation with a telescope on Mt. Palomar. This object, known as Sedna, is approximately 1700 km in...
A uniform rod is 2.00 m long and has mass 1.80 kg. A 2.40-kg clamp is attached to the rod. How far should the center of gravity of the clamp be from the left-hand end of the rod in order for the...
End A of the bar AB in Fig. P11.53 rests on a frictionless horizontal surface, and end B is hinged. A horizontal force F of magnitude 160 N is exerted on end A. You can ignore the weight of the bar....
A uniform, 7.5-m-long beam weighing 5860 N is hinged to a wall and supported by a thin cable attached 1.5 m from the free end of the beam. The cable runs between the beam and the wall and makes a 40...
A block with mass m is revolving with linear speed v 1 in a circle of radius r 1 on a frictionless horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The string is slowly pulled from below until the radius of the...
The bulk modulus for bone is 15 GPa. (a) If a diver-in-training is put into a pressurized suit, by how much would the pressure have to be raised (in atmospheres) above atmospheric pressure to...
In the Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench, the depth of seawater is 10.9 km and the pressure is (about 1.15 Ã 10 3 atm). (a) If a cubic meter of water is taken from the surface to this...
A copper cube measures 6.00 cm on each side. The bottom face is held in place by very strong glue to a flat horizontal surface, while a horizontal force F is applied to the upper face parallel to one...
A cube 5.0 cm on each side is made of a metal alloy. After you drill a cylindrical hole 2.0 cm in diameter all the way through and perpendicular to one face, you find that the cube weighs 7.50 N. (a)...
(a) What is the difference between the pressure of the blood in your brain when you stand on your head and the pressure when you stand on your feet? Assume that you are 1.85 m tall. The density of...
A claw hammer is used to pull a nail out of a board (Fig. P11.52). The nail is at an angle of 60 to the board, and a force F 1 of magnitude 400 N applied to the nail is required to pull it from the...
At a point where an irrigation canal having a rectangular cross section is 18.5 m wide and 3.75 m deep, the water flows at 2.50 cm s. At a point downstream, but on the same level, the canal is 16.5 m...
A pressure difference of 6.00 10 4 Pa is required to maintain a volume flow rate of 0.800 m 3 /s for a viscous fluid flowing through a section of cylindrical pipe that has radius 0.210 m? What...
A wire of length I 0 and cross-sectional area A supports a hanging weight W. (a) Show that if the wire obeys Eq. (11.7), it behaves like a spring of force constant AY/I 0 , where Y is Youngs modulus...
If the force on the tympanic membrane (eardrum) increases by about 1.5 N above the force from atmospheric pressure, the membrane can be damaged. When you go scuba diving in the ocean, below what...
(a) As you can tell by watching them in an aquarium, fish are able to remain at any depth in water with no effort. What does this ability tell you about their density? (b) Fish are able to inflate...
A 0.180-kg cube of ice (frozen water) is floating in glycerine. The gylcerine is in a tall cylinder that has inside radius 3.50 cm. The level of the glycerine is well below the top of the cylinder....
A plastic ball has radius 12.0 cm and floats in water with 24.0% of its volume submerged. (a) What force must you apply to the ball to hold it at rest totally below the surface of the water? (b) If...
A block of balsa wood placed in one scale pan of an equalarm balance is exactly balanced by a 0.115-kg brass mass in the other scale pan. Find the true mass of the balsa wood if its density is 150...
A medical technician is trying to determine what percentage of a patients artery is blocked by plaque. To do this, she measures the blood pressure just before the region of blockage and finds that it...
A cylindrical container of an in-compressible liquid with density Ï rotates with constant angular speed Ï about its axis of symmetry, which we take to be the y-axis (Fig. P12.86). (a) Show...
Block A in Fig. P12.74 hangs by a cord from spring balance D and is submerged in a liquid C contained in beaker B. The mass of the beaker is 1.00 kg; the mass of the liquid is 1.80 kg. Balance D...
A firehose must be able to shoot water to the top of a building 28.0 m tall when aimed straight up. Water enters this hose at a steady rate of and shoots out of a round nozzle. (a) What is the...
An open cylindrical tank of acid rests at the edge of a table 1.4 m above the floor of the chemistry lab. If this tank springs a small hole in the side at its base, how far from the foot of the table...
When an open-faced boat has a mass of 5750 kg, including its cargo and passengers, it floats with the water just up to the top of its gunwales (sides) on a freshwater lake. (a) What is the volume of...
A piece of wood is 0.600 m long, 0.250 m wide, and 0.080 m thick. Its density is 700 kg/m 3 . What volume of lead must be fastened underneath it to sink the wood in calm water so that its top is just...
A rifle bullet with mass 8.00 g and initial horizontal velocity 280 m/s strikes and embeds itself in a block with mass 0.992 kg that rests on a friction-less surface and is attached to one end of an...
As shown in Fig. E10.20, a string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 0.0800 m and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is pulled upward in just the right way so...
(a) Use data from Appendix F to calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the moon. (b) Calculate the friction force on a walking 65-kg astronaut carrying a 43-kg instrument pack on the moon if...
The asteroid Toro has a radius of about 5.0 km. Consult Appendix F as necessary. (a) Assuming that the density of Toro is the same as that of the earth (5.5 g/cm 3 ), find its total mass and find the...
A child with poor table manners is sliding his 250-g dinner plate back and forth in SHM with an amplitude of 0.100 m on a horizontal surface. At a point 0.060 m away from equilibrium, the speed of...
Four passengers with combined mass 250 kg compress the springs of a car with worn-out shock absorbers by 4.00 cm when they get in. Model the car and passengers as a single body on a single ideal...
An unmanned spacecraft is in a circular orbit around the moon, observing the lunar surface from an altitude of 50.0 km (see Appendix F). To the dismay of scientists on earth, an electrical fault...
Tarzan spies a 35-kg chimpanzee in severe danger, so he swings to the rescue. He adjusts his strong, but very light, vine so that he will first come to rest 4.0 s after beginning his swing, at which...
A mass is vibrating at the end of a spring of force constant 225 N/m. Figure E14.62 shows a graph of its position x as a function of time t. (a) At what times is the mass not moving? (b) How much...
A 2.50-kg rock is attached at the end of a thin, very light rope 1.45 m long. You start it swinging by releasing it when the rope makes an 11 angle with the vertical. You record the observation that...
A mass is oscillating with amplitude A at the end of a spring. How far (in terms of A) is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic...
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, friction-less surface. The amplitude of the motion is 0.250 m and the period is 3.20 s. What are the speed and...
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, friction-less surface. The amplitude of the motion is 0.120 m. The maximum speed of the block is 3.90 m s. What is...
The most efficient way to send a spacecraft from the earth to another planet is by using a Hohmann transfer orbit (Fig. P13.87). If the orbits of the departure and destination planets are circular,...
A sinusoidally varying driving force is applied to a damped harmonic oscillator. (a) What are the units of the damping constant b? (b) Show that the quantity km has the same units as b. (c) In terms...
For the oscillating object in Fig. E14.4, what are (a) Its maximum speed and (b) Its maximum acceleration? Figure E14.4: () 10.0 t (s) A0.0 15.0 5.0 -10.0
A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, frictionless surface. When the amplitude of the motion is 0.090 m, it takes the block 2.70 s to travel from x =...
The motion of an under-damped oscillator is described by Eq. (14.42). Let the phase angle be zero. (a) According to this equation, what is the value of x at t = 0? (b) What are the magnitude and...
A mass m is attached to a spring of force constant 75 N m and allowed to oscillate. Figure E14.34 shows a graph of its velocity as a function of time t. Find (a) The period, (b) The frequency, (c)...
In February 2004, scientists at Purdue University used a highly sensitive technique to measure the mass of a vaccinia virus (the kind used in smallpox vaccine). The procedure involved measuring the...
An object is undergoing SHM with period 0.900 s and amplitude 0.320 m. At t = 0 the object is at x = 0.320 m and is instantaneously at rest. Calculate the time it takes the object to go (a) From x =...
(a) Music. When a person sings, his or her vocal cords vibrate in a repetitive pattern that has the same frequency as the note that is sung. If someone sings the note B flat, which has a frequency of...
For a string stretched between two supports, two successive standing-wave frequencies are 525 Hz and 630 Hz. There are other standing-wave frequencies lower than 525 Hz and higher than 630 Hz. If the...
A 1.80-m-long uniform bar that weighs 536 N is suspended in a horizontal position by two vertical wires that are attached to the ceiling. One wire is aluminum and the other is cop-per. The aluminum...
A large rock that weighs 164.0 N is suspended from the lower end of a thin wire that is 3.00 m long. The density of the rock is 3200 kg/m 3 . The mass of the wire is small enough that its effect on...
A deep-sea diver is suspended beneath the surface of Loch Ness by a 100-m-long cable that is attached to a boat on the surface (Fig. P15.84). The diver and his suit have a total mass of 120 kg and a...
A fan at a rock concert is 30 m from the stage, and at this point the sound intensity level is 110 dB. (a) How much energy is transferred to her eardrums each second? (b) How fast would a 2.0-mg...
(a) Blue whales apparently communicate with each other using sound of frequency 17 Hz, which can be heard nearly 1000 km away in the ocean. What is the wavelength of such a sound in seawater, where...
At point A, 3.0 m from a small source of sound that is emitting uniformly in all directions, the sound intensity level is 53 dB. (a) What is the intensity of the sound at A? (b) How far from the...
(a) If two sounds differ by 5.00 dB, find the ratio of the intensity of the louder sound to that of the softer one. (b) If one sound is 100 times as intense as another, by how much do they differ in...
You live on a busy street, but as a music lover, you want to reduce the traffic noise. (a) If you install special sound-reflecting windows that reduce the sound intensity level (in dB) by 30 dB, by...
A turntable 1.50 m in diameter rotates at 75 rpm. Two speakers, each giving off sound of wavelength 31.3 cm, are attached to the rim of the table at opposite ends of a diameter. A listener stands in...
(a) Show that for a wave on a string, the kinetic energy per unit length of string is where is the mass per unit length of string is (b) Calculate for a sinusoidal wave given by Eq. (15.7). (c) There...
Many opera singers (and some pop singers) have a range of about 2 octaves or even greater. Sup-pose a sopranos range extends from A below middle C (frequency 220 Hz) up to -flat above high C...
A person leaning over a 125-m-deep well accidentally drops a siren emitting sound of frequency 2500 Hz. Just before this siren hits the bottom of the well, find the frequency and wavelength of the...
The siren of a fire engine that is driving northward at 30.0 m/s emits a sound of frequency 2000 Hz. A truck in front of this fire engine is moving northward at 20.0 m/s. (a) What is the frequency of...
Two swift canaries fly toward each other, each moving at 15.0 m/s relative to the ground, each warbling a note of frequency 1750 Hz. (a) What frequency note does each bird hear from the other one?...
Two small stereo speakers are driven in step by the same variable-frequency oscillator. Their sound is picked up by a microphone arranged as shown in Fig. E16.38. For what frequencies does their...
Two loudspeakers, A and B (see Fig. E16.33), are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. Speaker B is 2.00 m to the right of speaker A. The frequency of the sound waves...
A uniform 165-N bar is supported horizontally by two identical wires A and B (Fig. P16.62). A small 185-N cube of lead is placed three-fourths of the way from A to B. The wires are each 75.0 cm long...
The motors that drive airplane propellers are, in some cases, tuned by using beats. The whirring motor produces a sound wave having the same frequency as the propeller. (a) If one single-bladed...
You are exploring a newly discovered planet. The radius of the planet is 7.20 10 7 m. You suspend a lead weight from the lower end of a light string that is 4.00 m long and has mass 0.0280 kg. You...
The lower end of a uniform bar of mass 45.0 kg is attached to a wall by a friction-less hinge. The bar is held by a horizontal wire attached at its upper end so that the bar makes an angle of 30.0 o...
You are designing a two-string instrument with metal strings 35.0 cm long, as shown in Fig. P15.58. Both strings are under the same tension. String S 1 has a mass of 8.00 g and produces the note...
A 1750-N irregular beam is hanging horizontally by its ends from the ceiling by two vertical wires (A and B), each 1.25 m long and weighing 0.360 N. The center of gravity of this beam is one-third of...
A light wire is tightly stretched with tension F. Trans-verse traveling waves of amplitude A and wavelength 1 carry average power P av,1 = 0.400 W. If the wavelength of the waves is doubled, so 2 =...
A horizontal wire is stretched with a tension of 94.0 N, and the speed of transverse waves for the wire is 492 m s. What must the amplitude of a traveling wave of frequency 69.0 Hz be in order for...
One string of a certain musical instrument is 75.0 cm long and has a mass of 8.75 g. It is being played in a room where the speed of sound is 344 m/s. (a) To what tension must you adjust the string...
The upper end of a 3.80-m-long steel wire is fastened to the ceiling, and a 54.0-kg object is suspended from the lower end of the wire. You observe that it takes a transverse pulse 0.0492 s to travel...
A fisherman notices that his boat is moving up and down periodically, owing to waves on the surface of the water. It takes 2.5 s for the boat to travel from its highest point to its lowest, a total...
(a) The range of audible frequencies is from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. What is the range of the wavelengths of audible sound in air? (b) The range of visible light extends from 400 nm to 700 nm. What...
A circular saw blade with radius 0.120 m starts from rest and turns in a vertical plane with a constant angular acceleration of 3.00 rev/s 2 . After the blade has turned through 155 rev, a small...
A 15.0-g bullet traveling horizontally at 865 m/s passes through a tank containing 13.5 kg of water and emerges with a speed of 534 m/s. What is the maximum temperature increase that the water could...
If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating...
An insulated beaker with negligible mass contains 0.250 kg of water at a temperature of 75.0 o C. How many kilograms of ice at a temperature of 20.0 o C must be dropped into the water to make the...
The blood plays an important role in removing heat from the body by bringing this heat directly to the surface where it can radiate away. Never the-less, this heat must still travel through the skin...
You are making pesto for your pasta and have a cylindrical measuring cup 10.0 cm high made of ordinary glass [ = 2.7 10 5 (C o ) 1 ] that is filled with olive oil [ = 6.8 10 4 (C o ) 1 ] to a...
A surveyors 30.0-m steel tape is correct at a temperature of 20.0 o C. The distance between two points, as measured by this tape on a day when its temperature is 5.00 o C, is 25.970 m. What is the...
A Styrofoam bucket of negligible mass contains 1.75 kg of water and 0.450 kg of ice. More ice, from a refrigerator at -15.0 o C, is added to the mixture in the bucket, and when thermal equilibrium...
(a) If the jogger in the preceding problem were not able to get rid of the excess heat, by how much would his body temperature increase above the normal 37C in a half hour of jogging? The specific...
(a) By how much would the body temperature of the bicyclist in the preceding problem increase in an hour if he were unable to get rid of the excess heat? (b) Is this temperature increase large enough...
On a cool (4.0 o C) Saturday morning, a pilot fills the fuel tanks of her Pitts S-2C (a two-seat aerobatic airplane) to their full capacity of 106.0 L. Before flying on Sunday morning, when the...
(a) Equation (17.12) gives the stress required to keep the length of a rod constant as its temperature changes. Show that if the length is permitted to change by an amount ÎL when its...
Animals in cold climates often depend on two layers of insulation: a layer of body fat (of thermal conductivity 0.20 W/m K) surrounded by a layer of air trapped inside fur or down. We can model a...
The basal metabolic rate is the rate at which energy is produced in the body when a person is at rest. A 75-kg (165-lb) person of height 1.83 m (6 ft) has a body surface area of approximately 2.0 m 2...
You have probably seen people jogging in extremely hot weather and wondered Why? As we shall see, there are good reasons not to do this! When jogging strenuously, an average runner of mass 68 kg and...
A violinist is tuning her instrument to concert A (440 Hz). She plays the note while listening to an electronically generated tone of exactly that frequency and hears a beat of frequency 3 Hz, which...
In the northern hemisphere, June 21 (the summer solstice) is both the longest day of the year and the day on which the suns rays strike the earth most vertically, hence delivering the greatest amount...
Suppose that both ends of the rod in Fig. 17.23a are kept at a temperature of 0 o C, and that the initial temperature distribution along the rod is given by T = (100 o C) sin Ïx/L where x is...
(a) The average normal body temperature measured in the mouth is 310 K. What would Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers read for this temperature? (b) During very vigorous exercise, the bodys...