A standard deck of playing cards (with jokers removed) consists of 52 cards in four suits—clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades. Each suit has 13 cards, with denominations ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack, queen, and king. The jacks, queens, and kings are referred to as “face cards.” Imagine that we shuffle the deck thoroughly and deal one card. The two-way table summarizes the sample space for this chance process based on whether or not the card is a face card and whether or not the card is a heart.

Are the events “heart” and “face card” independent? Justify your answer.

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Туре of card Face card Nonface card Total Нeart 3 10 13 Suit Nonheart 30 39 Total 12 40 52