Let the input to a phase modulator be m(t) = u(t - t₀), as shown in Figure 4.1(a). Assume that the unmodulated carrier is A_ccos(2Ï€f_ct) and that f_ct₀= n, where n is an integer. Sketch accurately the phase modulator output for k_p= Ï€ and -3/8Ï€ was done in Figure 4.1(c) for K_p= 1/2Ï€.

Figure 4.1(a) 

Figure 4.1 (c)

() 1 to (a) to (c)