Directional versus nondirectional hypothesis testing. Cho and Abe (2013) provided a commentary on the appropriate use of one-tailed and two-tailed tests in behavioral research. In their discussion, they outlined the following hypothetical null and alternative hypotheses to test a research hypothesis that males self-disclose more than females:

H0: μmales – μfemales ≤ 0 H1: μmales – μfemales > 0 1. What type of test is set up with these hypotheses, a directional test or a nondirectional test?

2. Do these hypotheses encompass all possibilities for the population mean? Explain.