Correlations between recognition performance and sleep parameters showed that in the sleep condition overall memory accuracy was
Question:
Correlations between recognition performance and sleep parameters showed that in the sleep condition overall memory accuracy was strongly correlated with the amount of Non-REM sleep during consolidation sleep (r = .79, p = .007; Fig. 2a). Hit rate or false alarm rate alone were not significantly associated with Non-REM sleep (r = .36, p = .31, and r = —.42, p = .23, respectively). Separate analyses for the three valence categories of facial expression revealed that the association between memory accuracy and Non-REM sleep was significant for angry and happy, but not neutral faces (angry: r = .79, p = .006, happy: r = .86, p = .001, neutral: r = .03, p = .93). The same pattern, although less pronounced, was found for the correlation between memory accuracy and total sleep time in the night after learning (all faces: r=.65, p = .042, happy faces: r = .66, p = .037, angry faces: r = .61, p = .063, neutral faces: r = .11, p=.76), but not for any of the single sleep stages within NonREM sleep (SI, S2, S3, S4, and SWS). REM sleep, in contrast to Non-REM sleep, was negatively corre-lated with memory accuracy, although not significantly (r = —.53, p = .116) and tended to be associated with higher overall false alarm rates (r = .59, p = .072). Regarding reaction times, there was a strong negative correlation between REM sleep and reaction times for old faces (r=—.76, p = .012), but not for new faces (r=—.02, p = .95). Consequently, REM sleep was also associated with the difference between old and new faces in reaction times as an indicator of implicit memory (r = —.70, p=.024; Fig. 2b). This pattern was observed in all three valence categories, but did not reach significance in separate analyses for the three categories (angry: —0.54, p = .108, happy: —0.54, p = .108, neutral: —0.59, p =.071). Neither NonREM sleet) overall nor any sub-stage of NonREM sleen correlated significantly with any reaction time measure.
For the first correlation reported in the results section 3.3:
- Is the correlation statistically significant?
Quantitative Investment Analysis
ISBN: 978-1119104223
3rd edition
Authors: Richard A. DeFusco, Dennis W. McLeavey, Jerald E. Pinto, David E. Runkle