Hammurabi's Code is not the oldest known legal code, but it is the oldest that is nearly complete. Hammurabi was the sixth Babylonian king. The code was written in Akkadian using the cuneiform script around 1750 BC.

For each of the following three laws, first comment on the law's incentive effects, and second give one reason why legal practice today differs from that set out in the code.

a) (4) "If anyone "point the finger" [accuse of extramarital sexual activity] at --- the wife of anyone and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked."

b) (4) "If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death."

c) (4) "If a herdsman to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss."