1. Computer use in education has gone through four distinct phases. In the first phase, computers were treated as __________.

2. In the 1980s, being _________ meant that you understood computer history, computer architecture and terminology, basic software applications, and programming.

3. During the second phase of computers in education, learning programming languages was regarded as a way to help students develop __________.

4. Phase three of computers in education saw a shift from learning about technology to learning _____ technology.

5. What distinguishes standards from other types of expectations are the additional factors of _____ and _______.

1. Reflect on your own recent experience as a student. Does your use of technology correspond with the text's description of the fourth phase of computer use in education? If so, how? If not, which phase does your experience match?

2. Does information literacy differ from computer literacy? Explain why.