${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}is\text{a}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}ofadvertising\text{d}\text{e}\text{s}\text{i}\text{g}\text{n}\text{e}\text{d}to\text{i}\text{n}\text{f}\text{l}\text{u}\text{e}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}\text{d}\text{e}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{a}\text{s}\text{p}\text{e}\text{c}\text{i}\text{f}\text{i}\text{c}\text{b}\text{r}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{.}}$

Select one:

$a.$

Institutional advertising

$b.$

Advocacy advertising

$c.$

Pioneering advertising

$d.$

Competitive advertising