$(10$ pts$)$ Consider a uni$-$processor host implementing the transport and network layers in software, and

the lower layers in hardware. The transport and network layers spend $6\mathrm{.}0$ milliseconds $($msec$)$ and $3\mathrm{.}0$

msec respectively to process a packet while the hardware takes $2\mathrm{.}0$msec to transmit this packet over the

network. See Figure $2.$ Calculate the maximum throughput rate and minimum packet delay between

two transport entities. What changes do you expect in the throughput and delay when the transport

and network layers are implemented on different processors in a multi$-$processor host $($for improved

parallelism among the packet$-$processing tasks$){?}^7?$

$($realizable on a

uni$-$processor or multi$-$processor$)$

Host

Software$/$hardware implementation of protocols

Figure $2$: Performance aspects of layered implementation of protocols