$(10$ pts$)$ Consider a uni$-$processor host implementing the transport and network layers in

software, and the lower layers in hardware. The transport and network layers spend $6\mathrm{.}0$

milliseconds $(msec)$ and $3\mathrm{.}0$msec respectively to process a packet while the hardware takes $2\mathrm{.}0$

msec to transmit this packet over the network. See Figure $2.$ Calculate the maximum throughput

rate and minimum packet delay between two transport entities. What changes do you expect in

the throughput and delay when the transport and network layers are implemented on different

processors in a multi$-$processor host $($for improved parallelism among the packet$-$processing

tasks$)?$

$($realizable on a

uni$-$processor or multi$-$processor$)$

Software$/$hardware implementation of protocols

Figure $2$: Performance aspects of layered implementation of protocols