$1\mathrm{.}1$ Systems integration can take several different approaches: top$$down$,$ bottom$$up$,$ and big$-$bang. It is up to the systems engineer, program manager, and stakeholders to agree on the integration approach based on the desired objectives, schedule, available budget, and desired end state of the system. Using the domain of civil engineering $($e$.$g$.$ constructing an office building, home residence, or highway construction$),$ compare and contrast the three integration approaches discussed. Where would each approach be optimal or suboptimal?