$12b-1$ fees have been a topic of controversy in the mutual fund industry. Which of the following best explains why some investors and financial professional's criticize these fees?

$12b-1$ fees are charged semiannually, which may result in higher taxes for some imvestors.

These fees are mandatory for all mutual funds, regardless of the fund's overall performance en asset size.

$12b-1$ fees are charged as a front$-$end load, reducing the amount of capital immediately avalable for investment.

These fees are charged annually to cover fund advertising and distribution expenses, which may not directly benefit existing imvestors.