$1.6$ points

During the Seven Year $($or French and Indian$)$ War, Britain relied on debt issue to finance its war

effort. This raised the debt$-$to$-$GDP ratio in Britain from about $0\mathrm{.}7$ to $0\mathrm{.}8.$ To help limit the amount

of new debt that needed to be issued, Britain also used some $40\%$ of colonial tax revenues to help

finance the war. It also, of course, relied on domestic taxation. The following table shows an index

of the per capita tax burden in Great Britain along with Ireland and some of Britain$$s American

colonies in $1765,$ two years after the conclusion of the war. Therefore, the right$-$hand column

shows how much taxes per capita were in each location as a percentage of those in Great Britain.

Great Britain $100$

Ireland $26$

Pennsylvania $4$

Maryland $4$

Massachusetts $4$

New York $3$

Connecticut $2$

Virginia $2$

a$.$ Given that the outcome of the war was beneficial to the colonists $($at least from the British

point of view$)$ and given the taxes that colonists paid relative to what people in Britain

paid, how did Parliament respond to this inequity in taxation in the years following the end

of the war?

b$.$ Provide two examples of Parliamentary actions that were designed to address this inequity.

c$.$ How did the colonists respond the Parliament$$s actions and why did they respond in the

ways that they did?

d$.$ In what sense can we view this period of time as one where the relationship between Britain

and the colonies changed, moving from decentralized authority in the colonies to

centralized authority?