$1.$

$($a$)$ Explain why the following standards are needed and explain briefly

how they work: $($i$)$ ANSI$/$ASCII$,($ii$)$ Unicode.

$($b$)$ Decode the following ASCII message:

$0101001101010100010101010100010001011001001000$

$0001001000011000010111001001100100$

$($c$)$ A computer uses eight bits to represent data and the Two$$s

complement scheme to represent integers. Use the Two$$s

complement arithmetic to perform the subtraction of $6210$ from $2110.$

Show all the steps clearly.

$($d$)$ State the De Morgan$$s laws of Boolean algebra, and prove each of

those laws using a truth table.

$($e$)$ Consider the following scenario and complete the tasks below:

Memorina Bytesworth is a single$-$honours Computer Science

student at Numberland University where she is currently

enrolled on four modules of her Level $4$ studies. Each of those

modules is worth $30$ credits. Her performance on Level $4$

assessments will be deemed satisfactory $($code name: SATIS$)$ if

she passes at least $90$ credits. The SATIS code allows her to

progress to Level $5$ of her degree programme and retrieve the

failed credits in the following year $($i$.$e$.,$ repeat and pass the

failed Level $4$ credits whilst on Level $5$ studies$).$ However, she is

allowed to resit any of the failed modules during the summer

vacation $($code name: VAC$)$ if she has a minimum of $60$ credits,

otherwise she will be required to repeat the Level $4$ year in full

$($code name: RPT$).$

Produce a truth table that summarises Memorina$$s potential

progression outcomes, and formulate a corresponding Boolean

expression.