A researcher wishes to assess the effectiveness of relaxation instruction upon subsequent self-reported chronic back pain, measured using a validated scale. She selects 25 patients from those admitted to a clinic during the month of January who report extreme back pain and measures them both before and after they receive relaxation instruction. Write a directional alternative hypothesis for this study.

a. Dependent variable:

b. Independent variable:

c. Hypothesis:

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a Dependent variable Selfreported chronic back pain measured using a validated sca... View the full answer