$1$a$)$ When management researchers talk about developing a management 'model', what do they mean by a 'model'?

a$.$

A set of assumptions about what is happening and why in relation to a social phenomena.

b$.$

None of these explanations is consistent with what management researchers mean by a 'model'.

c$.$

A representation of a more complex reality.

d$.$

All of these explanations are consistent with what management researchers mean by a 'model'.

e$.$

A set of beliefs about what a manager should do$.$

$1$b$)$ The competing values framework $($CVF$)$ is composed of a horizontal axis which ranges from internal focus to external focus, and a vertical axis which ranges from:

a$.$

conflict $-$ peace

b$.$

flexibility $-$ control

c$.$

maintenance $-$ adaptation

d$.$

profit $-$ loss