$1.$ Access Control:

User Accounts and Permissions: Create individual user accounts with appropriate access privileges $($read$,$ write, update, delete$)$ based on their job roles. This minimizes the risk of unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data.

Password Management: Enforce strong password policies including minimum length, complexity requirements, and regular password changes. Consider multi$-$factor authentication $($MFA$)$ for added security.

Least Privilege Principle: Grant users only the minimum level of access needed to perform their tasks. Avoid granting unnecessary privileges to reduce the potential impact of a compromised account.

$2.$ Data Encryption:

Data at Rest: Encrypt sensitive data stored in the database to protect it from unauthorized access even if the database server is compromised.

Data in Transit: Encrypt data transmissions between the application and the database server using protocols like Secure Sockets Layer $($SSL$)$ or Transport Layer Security $($TLS$).$ parapahse it