1. Based on previous research, a student hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

The student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

She hope to make a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level. Her research supervisor analyzed her sample data and provided her with the following incomplete ANOVA table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	29,325.60	2
Within-groups	35,698.35	57
Total

Question: What is the eta-squared (in proportion)?

(Hint: need 2 values from the ANOVA table to find the correct answer. Only 1 of the values is listed in the above ANOVA table, but can determine the second value using the given information)

0.8215

0.3570

0.2933

0.4510

2. Based on previous research, a student hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

The student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

She hope to make a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level. Her research supervisor analyzed her sample data and provided her with the following incomplete ANOVA table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	29,325.60	2
Within-groups	35,698.35	57
Total

Question: What are the mean squares within (i.e., variance within)?

3. Based on previous research, a student hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

The student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

She hope to make a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level. Her research supervisor analyzed her sample data and provided her with the following incomplete ANOVA table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	29,325.60	2
Within-groups	35,698.35	57
Total

Question: What are the mean squares between (i.e., variance between)?

4. Based on previous research, a student hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

The student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

She hope to make a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level. Her research supervisor analyzed her sample data and provided her with the following incomplete ANOVA table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	29,325.60	2
Within-groups	35,698.35	57
Total

Question: show the appropriate F-table to identify the critical value (Step 3) that corresponds to the above information.

5. Based on previous research, a student hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

A student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

she hope to make a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level.

Question: What is the alpha level for the hypothesis test?

0.50

0.05

0.01

0.03

6. Based on previous research, you hypothesize that an individual's level of political participation influences their income.Income is measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their total income in US dollars during the previous calendar year.Level of political participation is measured at the ordinal-level with 3 categories: (a) never participates in political elections, (b) sometimes participates in political elections, and (c) frequently participates in political elections.

A student collect sample data from 60 people living in Ohio (n_total=60), with 20 people in each group: 20 people who never participate + 20 people who sometimes participate + 20 people who frequently participate = 60 people total.

She hope to finish a hypothesis test at the 95% confidence level.

Question: In the above hypothesis, which variable is the independent variable?

Level of political participation

Income

7. social scientists outside of sociology typically refer to t-tests using a different name.

Question: What is another name for hypothesis tests with the t-distribution (i.e., t-tests)?

two value comparison test

mean squares test

difference in means test

difference in variances test

8. a report that mentioned the following hypothesis:

In the United States, on average, young women employed in high-paying professional careers have lower levels of happiness compared to young men in the same careers.

Question: In the above hypothesis, what is the independent variable?

Levels of happiness

Career Type

Age

Gender

9. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional method and students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional method is measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level. She provides with the following incomplete ANOVA Table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	305.23		101.74
Within-groups	1427.32		7.28
Total

Question: What is the eta-squared (in proportion)?

(Hint: need 2 values from the ANOVA table to find the correct answer. Only 1 of the values is listed in the above ANOVA table, but can determine the second value using the given information)

0.0051

0.2138

0.1762

0.3333