1. Briefly define the term map-scale while differentiating small-scale and large-scale maps. How you can use the 0.5mm rule to define the map scale of raster data sets? 2. Briefly describe the structures of raster and vector-based data models. How do these data models differ from one another? 3. List different vector and raster analysis tools mentioning their real-world applications. 4. What is the paradigm shift in cartography? What are the advantages of GIS maps over conventional maps? 5. Briefly describe the common map elements for creating a professional quality map. 6. Write a short note on different cartographic considerations to be followed in order to produce a map. 7. You can briefly describe the importance of map layout, colour combinations, typography, and symbology used for creating a map 8. Briefly describe the three GIS data components (spatial data, attribute data, and metadata)