$1-$ C$-$diff infection is caused by Clostridium difficile $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$ C$-$diff is a bacterium that can cause endospores. It causes gastrointestinal diseases that can be moderate to severe. Its endospores are strong and can survive even in healthcare environments. Unfortunately, they can travel from patient to patient especially when proper hand washing technique is not used. It is important to remember that hand sanitizer does not get rid of the endospore. It can also stay on contaminated surfaces. It typically uses the fecal oral route of transmission through a person ingesting the spore $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$ These bacteria can cause damage to the lining of the intestines, it can also disrupt the normal gut microbiome. It can colonize the mucous of the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause pseudomembranous colitis, watery and bloody diarrhea, cramping, loss of fluids and appetite. In older and vulnerable populations, it can even be fatal $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$

$$

$$

$$

$2-$ Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, and there are several different kinds of hepatitis $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$ Hepatis C is a virus caused by RNA viruses transmissible through blood and semen. It is most commonly associated by blood transfusions. Since it$$s a blood borne pathogen, it can also be caused by needlestick, sharing needles, in addition to contaminated blood products $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$ It can be transmitted from mother to fetal and sometimes sexually. $$ It is an enveloped virus and has surface proteins that are used in the virus assembly. There is also a high mutation rate with the envelope, which can result in the virus being difficult for the immune system to detect $($Galen$,$ n$.$d$.).$ When the immune system has a difficult time in recognizing a pathogen, it means that the pathogen can evade the immune system which can result in being a chronic state. Another virulence factor could be the fact there is no vaccine. $$Hep$-$C is associated with acute and chronic states of hepatitis C$,$ cirrhosis, and even liver c