$1.$ Clarify whether this Memorandum constitutes a treaty under public international law, and does the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties $($VCLT$)$ apply? Consider all relevant factors for determining what constitutes a validly constructed treaty.

$2.$ Assess the terms of the Memorandum to determine its legally binding nature, and the relevance of the available clauses.

$3.$ Consider whether the Memorandum creates legal obligations for Australia at the time of its signature.

$4.$ Consider any possible grounds for invalidity, and any related questions of compliance with Australia's domestic processes.