1) Consider a multilevel computer with identical interpreters at levels 1, 2 and 3. It takes...

 

Transcribed Image Text:

1) Consider a multilevel computer with identical interpreters at levels 1, 2 and 3. It takes an interpreter n instructions to fetch, decode, and execute one instruction. A level-1 instruction takes k nano-seconds to execute. How long does it take for an instruction at levels 2, 3, 4? 2) Consider a multilevel computer in which all the levels are different. Each level has instructions that are m times as powerful as those of the level below it; that is, one level r instruction can do the work of m level r-/ instructions. If a level-1 program requires k seconds to execute, how long would be equivalent programs take at level 2, 3, and 4, assuming n level r instructions are required to interpret a single r+1 instruction? 3) In what sense are hardware and software equivalent? In what sense are they not equivalent? Briefly explain. 4) Compute the data rate of the human ear from the following information. People can hear frequencies up to 22 kHz. To capture all the information in a sound signal at 22 kHz, it is necessary to sample the sound at twice that frequency, that is, at 44 kHz. A 16-bit sample is probably enough to capture most of the auditory information (i.e., the ear cannot distinguish more than 65,535 intensity levels). 1) Consider a multilevel computer with identical interpreters at levels 1, 2 and 3. It takes an interpreter n instructions to fetch, decode, and execute one instruction. A level-1 instruction takes k nano-seconds to execute. How long does it take for an instruction at levels 2, 3, 4? 2) Consider a multilevel computer in which all the levels are different. Each level has instructions that are m times as powerful as those of the level below it; that is, one level r instruction can do the work of m level r-/ instructions. If a level-1 program requires k seconds to execute, how long would be equivalent programs take at level 2, 3, and 4, assuming n level r instructions are required to interpret a single r+1 instruction? 3) In what sense are hardware and software equivalent? In what sense are they not equivalent? Briefly explain. 4) Compute the data rate of the human ear from the following information. People can hear frequencies up to 22 kHz. To capture all the information in a sound signal at 22 kHz, it is necessary to sample the sound at twice that frequency, that is, at 44 kHz. A 16-bit sample is probably enough to capture most of the auditory information (i.e., the ear cannot distinguish more than 65,535 intensity levels).