1. Developing an effective employee training program involves five steps. Which activity is NOT a step in this process?

a. measuring training results

b. conducting a training needs assessment

c. setting objectives

d. conducting a job evaluation

2. Which disadvantage applies to using a pretest-posttest design to evaluate the outcomes of a training program?

a. it is difficult to use because employees must be randomly assigned to conditions

b. it may be difficult to attribute changes to the training itself rather than to other events that happened in the organization during the training period

c. it is difficult to assess an employees level of performance before training begins and again after training is over

d. employees in the control group receive different training than employees in the experimental group

3. What is the distinction between behavior criteria and reactions criteria when evaluating an employee training program?

a. Reactions criteria refer to whether the training affected job performance; behavior criteria refer to whether the trainee learned something

b. Reactions criteria refer to the trainees liking for and evaluation of the training program; behavior criteria refer to behaviors on the job that might have been due to the training program

c. Reactions criteria refer to the ratings made by the trainers or supervisors; behavior criteria refer to the ratings made by the trainees

d. There is no difference; I/O psychologists use one term or the other, but it all refers to the amount of measurable performance a trainee shows before leaving the training session

4. The theory in which motivation is determined through comparison to other workers is:

a. action theory

b. expectancy theory

c. equity theory

d. ERG theory

5. Servers in restaurants typically get paid an hourly wage (from the company) plus tips (from various customers). This type of compensation plan would be a combination of:

a. fixed interval and variable ratio reinforcement

b. fixed interval and variable interval reinforcement

c. fixed ratio and variable ratio reinforcement

d. fixed ratio and variable interval reinforcement

6. According to expectancy theory, ________________ is the perceived relationship between ones performance and attaining an outcome or reward.

a. valence

b. expectancy

c. instrumentality

d. force