$1$eta analysis Section

Based on the following article, answer the questions that follow.

Meta$-$Analytic Review of Employee Turnover as a Predictor of Firm Performance" ulie I. Hancock, David G$.$ Allen, Frank A$.$ Bosco,

irst Published October $24,2011$

bstract

revious research has revealed a negative relationship between collective employee turnover and ganizational performance. However, research also suggests an underlying complexity in the relations clarify the nature of this relationship, the authors conduct a meta$-$analytic review in which they test ovide support for a portion of Hausknecht and Trevor's model of collective turnover. The authors' $m$ talysis includes $48$ independent samples reporting $157$ effect size estimates $)=(24,943,$ tests six pothesized moderator variables, and provides path analyses to test alternative conceptualizations of nover$-$organizational performance relationship. Results indicate that the mean corrected correlation tween turnover and organizational performance is $-\mathrm{.}03,$ but this relationship is moderated by severa portant variables. For example, the relationship is stronger in manufacturing and transportation ind $07),$ for managerial employees $(-\mathrm{.}08),$ in midsize organizations $(-\mathrm{.}07),$ in samples from labor mark pnomies $(-\mathrm{.}05),$ and when organizational performance is operationalized in terms of customer servi $10$ or quality and safety $(-\mathrm{.}12)$ metrics. The authors discuss implications of their results for theory ctice and provide directions for future research.

e study of employee turnover has been important for management scholars and practitioners for de remains an issue of widespread interest $($Allen$,$ Bryant, & Vardaman, $2010).$ We think it is too ear clude that the relationship between turnover and firm performance is straightforwardly negative; y be underlying complexity in the relationship that warrants additional attention.

oretical Background and Hypotheses

functional Effects of Turnover

nover is defined as the departure of an employee from "the formally defined organization" $($Marc on$,1958$: $99).$ The interest in this phenomenon has been prevalent within the management, psycl plogy, and popular business literatures throughout the past half century. The most common assur