1. Ethical standards for randomized, controlled clinical trials include I 1. A) never testing drugs which have not been proven to be completely safe. 2. B) not asking subjects to agree to participate without first informing them of the nature da tor of the study and possible risks and benefits. 3. C) insuring that each subject knows which treatment he or she received. 4. D) allowing subjects to decide whether or not to be in the control group. 5. E) All of the above 2. The basic ethical requirements for any study of human subjects are 1. A) data production, data analysis, and inference. 2. B) comparison, randomization, and replication. 3. C) approval by a review board, informed consent, and confidentiality of data. 4. D) subjects are anonymous, subjects are randomly chosen, and subjects cannot be harmed. 3. The student-run newspaper asks students to visit a web page and respond to questions regarding a proposed tuition increase. Only responses to the questions are recorded. Summary statistics based on the survey responses are used in an article published the following week, and no one outside of the newspaper has access to the individual responses. The newspaper's survey is considered to be . A) confidential 2. B) anonymous. 3. C) both anonymous and confidential. 4. D) neither anonymous nor confidential 6. Rice University's Institutional Review Board is an 11-member panel, with two alternates. It meets approximately nine times each academic year to review projects brought before it. The board's main purpose is to: 1. A) be sure that each study will have some benefit to society 2. B) be sure that the subjects of each study are safe. 3. C) be sure that each study uses good statistical techniques. 4. D) be sure that each study is scientifically interesting