$1.$ Explain how Powell's "Game Tree #$1"$ illustrates credibility problems associated with an American nuclear response to a Soviet challenge to the existing international political system. In the process of writing, explain what Powell means by$`$E; E; Q; and A$.$ To do this, you will draw out "Game tree #$1"$ and the corresponding chart based on national interest and condition of vulnerability that for Powell, depicts costs and payoffs from such an American strike. Also draw out "Game Tree #$2"($which does not have such a chart$)$ to contrast the notion of "limited options" inherent to Game #$2,$ with the "all or nothing" scneario that Game Tree# $1$ depicts. Based on Game Tree #$1\text{'}$s costs and benefits expressed in numeric values in each cell, which "cell" scenarios were most credible in the Cold War and why? Finally, which of the two Powell "Game Trees" is reflective of the Eisenhower administration and which is reflective of the Kennedy administration and explain why.

$2.$ The classic argument made by many liberal theorists such Norman Angell $($The Great Illusion$)$ is that economic interdependence should reduce$$ the propsect of full blown war. How does David Rowe's argument about "globalization," which is based on the "Heckshear Olin"notion of comparative advantage, and captured by the" Stolper$-$Samuelson thesis," upend that notion, at least in the case of the First World War? Explain the Rowe argument about how the impact of globalization ultimately leads to a "breakdown in the international order," and why reliance on alliance partners did not solve the problems globalization posed for nation$-$states on the cusp of fighting World War I. FInally, explain how the $"2$nd Moroccan Crisis" $(1911)$ at the Port of Agadir illustrates Rowe's notion of "bluffs" and "threats" intrinsic to that international order breakdown.