1. Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study.

2. In a study of college search behaviors among the families of college-bound high school students, the search behaviors are very different from family to family. In the situation described, which guideline below best explains why the researcher will use a larger sample size?

a. The greater the variance within the population, the larger the sample should be

b. The greater the desired precision of the estimate, the larger the sample should be

c. The smaller the error range, the larger the sample must be

d. The higher the level of confidence in the estimate, the larger the sample must be

e. The greater the number of subgroups of interest within a sample, the larger the sample must be

3. The pq ratio found in calculations of sample size for a proportion can never exceed _____. a. .10 b. .25 c. .50 d. .75 e. there are no such limitations on the pq ratio

4. Brittany is developing a sampling plan for a study of alcohol consumption among college students at Metro University. She wants to ensure that students from each class level are represented. She also wants to be able to compare students who are members of Greek organizations to non-Greeks. Finally, she wants to consider patterns by gender. Brittany plans to cross-reference Metro University's student directory with membership lists from each Greek organization on campus to develop a sample frame. What type of sampling method should Brittany use?

a. Simple random b. Systematic c. Stratified d. Cluster e. Double

5. What is the difference between a probability sample and a nonprobability sample? Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.

6. When a calculated sample size must be adjusted due to the size of the population relative to the size of the sample, which of the following formulas should be applied?

a. Divide the calculated n by the standard error of the mean b. Multiply the calculated n by the precision estimate c. Reduce the calculated n by 5% of the population size d. Multiply the calculated n by the square root of (N - n)/(N - 1) e. Divide the calculated n by the standard deviation squared

7. Which term below refers to the descriptors of variables computed from sample data used to estimate those same variables in the population? a. Sample statistics b. Population parameters c. Systematic estimates d. Standard errors e. Standardized coefficients

8. A _____ is the total collection of elements about which the researcher wishes to make inferences. a. population b. target population c. population element d. sample frame e. sample

9. Which type of sampling technique can result in a skewed sample if periodicity exists in the population? a. Simple random b. Systematic c. Stratified d. Cluster e. Double

10. Brittany is developing a sampling plan for a study of alcohol consumption among college students at Metro University. She wants to ensure that students from each class level are represented. She also wants to be able to compare students who are members of Greek organizations to non-Greeks. Finally, she wants to consider patterns by gender. Brittany plans to cross-reference Metro University's student directory with membership lists from each Greek organization on campus to develop a sample frame. In the alcohol consumption study at Metro University, students who do not belong to Greek organizations outnumber those who do by 6 to 4. If Brittany draws the study sample such that 60% of the sample is made up of non-Greek-affiliated students and 40% of Greek-affiliated students, what type of sampling has she used?

A. Simple random b. Quota c. Systematic d. Proportionate stratified e. Disproportionate stratified

11. Sam's Club installed self-checkout stations that can track not only member's purchases but also packaging problems, as the system uses universal product codes to match the item the shopper has in their cart with its price and inventory level in the store, generating a spreadsheet style report for the researcher. If you consider the scanner as the tool for collecting data for Sam's researchers, they are doing data entry by ____.

A. Spreadsheet b. Optical Character Recognition c. Field editing d. Voice Recognition e. None of the above

12. Which term below refers to an analytical process for measuring the semantic content of a communication? a. ANOVA b. Regression c. Content analysis d. Factor analysis e. Reliability analysis

13. The process of ensuring the accuracy of data and their conversion from raw form into classified forms appropriate for analysis is called _____. a. coding b. data entry c. data preparation d. data measurement e. quality control