Question: 1. (i) What do you understand by the following terms: [l x4] (a) Half-life (b) Radioactive decay (c) Unstable Nuclide (d) Ionization (i1) Briefly explain

1. (i) What do you understand by the following terms: [l x4] (a) Half-life (b) Radioactive decay (c) Unstable Nuclide (d) Ionization (i1) Briefly explain each of the following phenomenon as it relates to radioactivity and state what type of nuclides that can lead to their occurring. (a) Electron capture (b) Positron annihilation. [2x 3] (iii) You are provided with two incomplete equations below study each carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1) 8K - e+ 4y (@ 8K+ e 4 (a) Complete both equations 1 and 2 above in terms of X and Y respectively. [2x2] (b) For each identify what type of radiochemical reaction is taking place. In each case justify the name you have selected for the type of reaction. [2x2] (iv) A radioactive waste was dumped in the lake and it dissolved in water at 12C showed an activity of 1.45 per year in its first year of dissolving in January this year. The concentration of dissolved waste was found to be 5.0 x 107 g/cm? in lake water. Assume the effective temperature of the lake is 12C. (a) What is the concentration of the radioactive waste January 1 of the following year? [3] (b) How long will it take for the concentration of the radioactive waste to drop to 3.0x 107 g/cm?3? ( in years) [2] (c) Calculate the half-life of the radioactive waste that was dumped in the lake in January this year. [2]

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