1.) In FORTRAN, a programmer can write:

Integer Real

Real Integer

a.) Explain the semantics

b.) Given the semantics, are \"Real\" and \"Integer\" reserved words or keywords?

c.) How does this design of FORTRAN affects program readability?

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2.) Code writability and readability are desirable characteristics of any high-level programming language, however, there is often an inherit tradeoff between them. Explain such tradeoff using some examples to support your discussion. (Hint: typed vs. un-typed languages, short-circuit evaluation, comprehension syntax, etc.)

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3.) The grammar goes:

=

+

| *

| ()

|

A | B | C

a.) Show left-most derivation of A = B + C * (B + C)

b.) Does this grammar handle operator precedence, use example expressions to support your answer.

c.) Change the grammar so that subtraction and division are accepted as valid operators in the expression

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4.) One attribute of a variable is address. Explain how a variable may bound to different addresses during program execution, use example(s).