1. ____ is an arrangement for jointly developing a particular new technology.

• Offshoring

• Research partnership

• Internal development

• Corporate espionage

• Acquisition of a technology owner

2. ______________ will lead to sustained, superior performance in organizations.

• Fine-tuning strategies continually based on marketplace changes

• Believing that only one goal can be attained at a time

• Limiting the decision-making authority to the top management

• Limiting the exchange of information within the organization

• Pursuing strategies that focus on competitors

3. Select a defining characteristic of prospector firms.

• They tend to adopt an early-follower strategy to grab a dominant position more from their strengths in marketing and manufacturing than from technological innovation.

• Such firms are risk averse and tend to operate in environments that are stable and predictable.

• Such firms adopt strategies that focus on deepening their capabilities through technologies that extend rather than replace their current ones.

• They are less innovative than defender firms because they tend to let others demonstrate solid demand in new arenas before responding.

• Executives in such firms tend to be more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail.

4. Organizations that operate closer to the cutting edge of a technology rely more on _________________ and less on benchmarking what is already being practiced elsewhere.

• capitalization

• environmental scanning

• base technologies

• key technologies

• auditing

5. Trying to change the structure of an industry is

• adapting.

• an opportunity.

• development.

• shaping.

• refreezing.