(1) Is the argument valid? State yes or no and explain why or why not in a sentence or two.

(2) Are all of the premises true? State yes or no and identify which, if any, are not true.

(3) Is the argument sound? State yes or no and explain why or why not in a sentence or two.

Argument 1

1. All sharks are fish.
2. No dogs are fish.
3. Therefore, no sharks are dogs.

Argument 2

1. Either everyone is tall, or everyone is short.
2. Not everyone is tall.
3. Therefore, everyone is short.

Argument 3

1. Whenever the sun is up, it is hot outside.
2. Chicago is usually hot in the summer.
3. Therefore, Chicago is usually cold in the winter.