$1.$ Kotusev $(1986)$ arranges the historical development of EA in three periods:

a Business Systems Planning, early Enterprise Architecture, and modern Enterprise Architecture

b BSP$,$ EAP, and modern Enterprise Architecture

c Zachman framework, TOGAF and BPM

d Schools of Thought, Early Enterprise Architecture and Modern Enterprise Architecture

$2.$ The earliest origins of the modern concept of EA can be traced back to which methodology?

a Business Process Management $($BPM$)$

b Architecture Development Method $($ADM$)$

c Business Systems Planning $($BSP$)$

d Zachman Framework

$3.$ The PRISM EA framework organises an architectural description as follows:

a Four domains $($inventory$,$ principles, models, and standards$)$ and four types $($organisation$,$ data, application, and infrastructure$)$

b Four domains $($organisation$,$ data, application, and infrastructure$)$ and four types $($inventory$,$ principles, models, and standards$)$

c Inventory, principles, models, and standards

d Organisation, data, application, and infrastructure

$4.$ According to Kotusev $(1986),$ the first formal description of EA was as follows:

a EA is the fundamental organisation of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution

b EA is an architecture that defines and interrelates data, hardware, software, and communications resources, as well as the supporting organisation required to maintain the overall physical structure required by the architecture

c EA is a discipline for proactively and holistically leading enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analysing the execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes

d

EA is the organising logic for crucial business processes and its capabilities reflecting the integration and standardisation requirements of the firm$$s operating mode

$5.$ Lapalme $(2011)$ proposed a taxonomy called $3$ schools of thought$$ to create shared meaning for EA researchers and practitioners. These schools are as follows:

a Enterprise architecting, enterprise migration, and enterprise ecological adaptation

b Business$-$IT alignment, enterprise integrating, and enterprise ecological adaptation

c Enterprise IT architecting, socio$-$technical architecting, and enterprise ecological adaptation

d Enterprise IT architecting, enterprise integrating, and enterprise ecological adaptation

$6.$ The following principles and assumptions are associated with the Enterprise Integrating School of Thought:

a Apply a holist $($systemic$)$ stance, don$$t question business strategies and objectives, Manage the environment, and jointly design all organisational dimensions

b Apply a reductionist $($mechanistic$)$ stance, don$$t question business strategies, Design organisational dimensions independently, and don$$t worry about non$-$IT dimensions, they$$re not your concerns

c Apply a holist $($systemic$)$ stance, System$-$in$-$environment coevolution, Environment can be changed and jointly design all organisational dimensions

d

Apply a holist $($systemic$)$ stance, System$-$in$-$environment coevolution, Design organisational dimensions independently, and don$$t worry about non$-$IT dimensions, they$$re not your concerns

$7.$ The following skills are associated with the Enterprise Ecological adaptation School of Thought:

a Facilitate small$-$group collaboration, and Apply systems thinking

b Foster dialogue, apply system and system$-$in$-$environment thinking, and facilitate larger$-$group collaboration

c Have technical competence and engineering knowledge

d Facilitate small$-$group collaboration, engineering knowledge, and apply systems thinking

$8.$ The following insights are associated with the Enterprise Integrating School of Thought:

a Permits the design of robust and complex technological solutions, Fosters the creation of high$-$quality models and planning scenarios

b Permits the design of comprehensive solutions, Fosters the creation of high$-$quality models and planning scenarios

c Permits the design of comprehensive solutions, enables significant organisational efficiency by eliminating unnecessary contradictions and paradoxes

d

Enables significant organisational efficiency by eliminating unnecessary contradictions and paradoxes, fosters system$-$in$-$environment coevolution and enterprise coherency

$9.$ Lapalme $(2011)$ justifies the exclusion of the Zachman Framework from any school of thought on the following grounds:

a It is a taxonomy, not a school of thought

b It is outdated

c It is too complicated to work with

d It is costly to implement

$10.$ Simon et al$.(2013).$ describes the three major EA research streams as follows:

a EA frameworks, ArchiMate, and EA Management

b EA frameworks, Design and Operations of EA management, and EA Conception and Modelling

c EA Layers, EA methodology, and EA Lifecycle Phases

d EA frameworks, EA methodology, and EA Management

$11.$ Simon et al$.(2013)$ outlines the dimensions of EA research as follows:

a EA fram