$1$ Lexical entries $(7$ points$)$

Consider the following lexical entry for the made$-$up verb wug:

wug $\backslash ($ V $\backslash )$ free DP DP$,$ PP

$($a$)(3$ points$)$ Which one$($s$)$ of the following structures is$/$are possible VP $($s$)$ headed by wug $($giving the English phrase structure$)?$

$($b$)(4$ points$)$ Explain your reasoning. $[$Max $4$ lines$]$

$2$ Ambiguities $(12$ points$)$

The following sentence is ambiguous:

$(1)$ Mary will operate the computer with the mouse.

$($a$)(2$ points$)$ Provide two paraphrases, one for each available reading. Reading A

I

$($b$)(2$ points$)$ Give the result of a constituency test that makes the sentence unambiguous and derives reading A$.$

$($c$)(6$ points$)$ Draw a tree structure for reading A $.$

$($d$)(2$ points$)$ List all the terminal nodes $($i$.$e$.,$ lexical items$)$ that are c$-$commanded by $[$PP with the mouse$]$ in the tree structure associated with reading $\backslash ($ B $\backslash ).$

$3$ Hittite subject clitics $(5$ points$)$

Hittite has a set of clitic third$-$person anaphoric pronouns that appear inside a clitic chain hosted by the first word of the clause $($often the connective $\backslash ($ n u $\backslash )).$ These clitics are widely used for objects, but can be used for subject under certain circumstances. Your job is to elucidate those circumstances.

These pronouns are regularly used for anaphoric objects:

$(2)$ a$.$ n$=$an zik$=$pat $$arli$$ke$$i

CONN$=$him you$=$FOC elevate

'You $($in particular$)$ elevate him.$\text{'}$

b$.\backslash (\backslash$mathrm$\{$n$\}=\backslash )$ at $\backslash ($ I $\backslash$check$\{$T$\}$ T U$\{\}^\{\backslash$text $\{$DUG $\}\}\backslash )$ KUKUBI udanzi

CONN$=$it with jug they.bring

'They bring it with a jug.$\text{'}$

Under what circumstances does an intransitive subject take the form of a subject clitic? Explain your reasoning. $[$Max $4$ lines$]($You may assume that the single argument of all intransitive verbs becomes the sentential subject.$)$

$4$ Translating to fake Englishes $(8$ points$)$

Consider the following sentence:

$(6)$ Joan may know whether Mary's hairy dog can reasonably expect for Mary to groom him. Translate $(6)$ into each of the following languages, which are identical to English except in the ways described.

$($a$)(2$ points$)$ Benglish: no EPP requirement for TP

$($b$)(2$ points$)$ Cenglish: heads follow their complements

$($c$)(2$ points$)$ Denglish: adjuncts attach uniformly on the right

$($d$)(2$ points$)$ Fenglish: specifiers attach on the right, no EPP requirement for TP

Under what circumstances does an intransitive subject take the form of a subject clitic? Explain your reasoning. $[$Max $4$ lines$]($You may assume that the single argument of all intransitive verbs becomes the sentential subject.$)$

$4$ Translating to fake Englishes $(8$ points$)$

Consider the following sentence:

$(6)$ Joan may know whether Mary's hairy dog can reasonably expect for Mary to groom him. Translate $(6)$ into each of the following languages, which are identical to English except in the ways described.

$($a$)(2$ points$)$ Benglish: no EPP requirement for TP

$($b$)(2$ points$)$ Cenglish: heads follow their complements

$($c$)(2$ points$)$ Denglish: adjuncts attach uniformly on the right

$($d$)(2$ points$)$ Fenglish: specifiers attach on the right, no EPP requirement for TP