1 Manufacturing VLSI: 1. Wafer Yield: Given the defect density = and chip area A, use Murphy's yield model to estimate the chip yield. Calculate for D=0.5 defects/cm2D=0.5 defects/cm2 and A=1.5 cm2A=1.5 cm2. 2. Die per Wafer: Given a wafer of diameter 300mm and a chip size of 2cm x 2cm, estimate the number of good dies per wafer considering a yield of 85%. 3. Photolithography Process: Explain the steps involved in the photolithography process and how it's used in the manufacturing of VLSI circuits. 4. Doping: Explain the difference between n-type and p-type doping. What materials are commonly used for each type