1. Provide definitions, functions and examples for the below data communication terms: (12p) a) MAC sublayer, b) Wavelength Division Multiple Access Protocol, c) ADSL, d) Router, e) Gateway, f) Adaptive routing algorithms, g) Shortest path routing algorithm, h) Congestion and congestion control, i) Subnet mask, j) TCP, k) UDP, 1) IPv4 vs. IPv6. 2. A 100-km-long cable runs at the T1 data rate (each T1 frame is 193 bits sent in 125 microsec). The propagation speed in the cable is 2/3 the speed of light in vacuum ( 200 km/msec ). How many bits fit in the cable? (8p) 3. Frames of 1000 bits are sent over a 1-Mbps channel using a geostationary satellite whose propagation time from the earth is 270msec. Acknowledgements are always piggybacked onto data frames. The headers are very short. Three-bit sequence numbers are used. What is the maximum achievable channel utilization for : (10p) a) Stop-and-wait? b) Protocol 5(k=7) ? c) Protocol 6(k=4)