1. set up a hypothesis for the following variables: a) married/cohabiting, b) current smokers, c) GHQ depression

2. calculate test statistics for Q1 (report differences, z-value, and p-values, keep 4 decimal points).

3. if redo a comparison study, try to examine the difference between the two groups (no dementia vs. dementia) in GHQ depression, you are asked to calculate a) effect size, b) sample size for each group @ α=0.05 and β=0.2.

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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at age 50. N Women Ethnicity, Nmon-white- Less than secondary school diploma Married/cohabiting Moderate alcohol drinking (1-14 units per week) Current smokers Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (h), M (SD) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² Diabetes Hypertension Cardiovascular disease GHQ depression CNS medications Mental disorders before age 65 Dementia status at end of follow-up Dementia P 521 219 (42.0) 79 (15.2) No dementia 7438 2390 (321) 719 (9.7) 3509 (47.2) 5647 (75.9) 4082 (54.9) 1138 (15.3) 3.3 (3.7) 823 (11.1) 182 (2.5) 1700 (22.9) 214 (2.9) 1070 (14.4) 322 (4.3) 541 (7.3) 310 (59.5) 369 (70.8) 273 (52.4) 101 (19.4) 3.3 (3.7) 66 (12.7) 17 (3.3) 150 (28.8) 10 (1.9) 89 (17.1) 36 (6.9) 42 (8.1) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.009 0.27 0.013 0.78 0.26 0.25 0.002 0.20 0.09 0.006 0.51 Values are No. (%) unless stated otherwise. Two-sided Ps for heterogeneity were estimated using Student's t test by dementia groups for continuous variables. BMI body mass index, CNS central nervous system, GHQ general health questionnaire, M mean, SD standard deviation. test for categorical variables, and Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at age 50. N Women Ethnicity, Nmon-white- Less than secondary school diploma Married/cohabiting Moderate alcohol drinking (1-14 units per week) Current smokers Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (h), M (SD) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² Diabetes Hypertension Cardiovascular disease GHQ depression CNS medications Mental disorders before age 65 Dementia status at end of follow-up Dementia P 521 219 (42.0) 79 (15.2) No dementia 7438 2390 (321) 719 (9.7) 3509 (47.2) 5647 (75.9) 4082 (54.9) 1138 (15.3) 3.3 (3.7) 823 (11.1) 182 (2.5) 1700 (22.9) 214 (2.9) 1070 (14.4) 322 (4.3) 541 (7.3) 310 (59.5) 369 (70.8) 273 (52.4) 101 (19.4) 3.3 (3.7) 66 (12.7) 17 (3.3) 150 (28.8) 10 (1.9) 89 (17.1) 36 (6.9) 42 (8.1) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.009 0.27 0.013 0.78 0.26 0.25 0.002 0.20 0.09 0.006 0.51 Values are No. (%) unless stated otherwise. Two-sided Ps for heterogeneity were estimated using Student's t test by dementia groups for continuous variables. BMI body mass index, CNS central nervous system, GHQ general health questionnaire, M mean, SD standard deviation. test for categorical variables, and

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

Answers and Explanation Hypotheses a Marriedcohabiting There is no difference in the proportion of marriedcohabiting individuals between the two dementia groups H0 pNoDemarried pDemarried Ha pNoDemarr... View the full answer