1. What is the relationship between shock probation programs and recidivism?

Group of answer choices

-They reduce recidivism

-They increase recidivism

-They do not reduce recidivism

-They have not yet been properly assessed

The first real probation system was developed in the ______ by ______ in Boston, Ma.

Group of answer choices

1790s; John Augustus

1820s; John Locke

1840s; John Augustus

1870s; John Locke

Flag question: Question 3Question 32 pts

______ describes the act of encouraging probationers to seek treatment through carrots and sticks.

Group of answer choices

Recidivating

Sanctioning

Probation

Coercion

Flag question: Question 4Question 42 pts

______ is/are designed to control offenders in a secure environment while at the same time allowing them to maintain employment.

Group of answer choices

Intensive supervision programs

Work release

Shock probation

Victim-offender reconciliation programs

Flag question: Question 5Question 52 pts

Under shock probation programs, offenders are typically send to prison for _____ days.

Group of answer choices

14

30

45

60

Flag question: Question 6Question 62 pts

Probation and parole officers have two main roles, one is law enforcement and the other is that of a:

Group of answer choices

profiler

investigator

social worker

supervisor

Flag question: Question 7Question 72 pts

Which type of officer are firm enforcers but fair, setting boundaries and following through with consequences

Group of answer choices

Authoritarian

Social work

Dismissive

Permissive

Flag question: Question 8Question 82 pts

For each offender placed on probation rather than incarcerated, taxpayers' save ______ per year.

Group of answer choices

US$25,000

US$35,000

US$50,000

none of these

Flag question: Question 9Question 92 pts

Probation and parole officers can follow a "third" role, which follows what approach?

Group of answer choices

Hybrid

Profiler

Investigator

Social worker

Flag question: Question 10Question 102 pts

Which of the following was one of the weaknesses of correctional programs as identified by Martinson (1974)?

Group of answer choices

Programs were not intensive enough

Inadequately skilled staff

Seeking to change behaviors unrelated to crime

all of these

Flag question: Question 11Question 112 pts

Which of the following statements most accurately reflect the relationship between an offender risk and offender needs?

Group of answer choices

The lower the offender's level of need, the higher the risk of reoffending.

The higher the offender's level of need, the more responsive they are to treatment.

Most offenders have the same needs, so meeting the needs of offenders as a group reduces the risk of re-offending.

The higher the offender's level of need, the higher the risk of reoffending.

Flag question: Question 12Question 122 pts

The movement to a _____ frame of mind has resulted in the most progressive agencies moving to evidence-based practice (EBP).

Group of answer choices

who does it work for

will it work

when will it work

what works

Flag question: Question 13Question 132 pts

What was the goal of early American prison reformers, such as Zebulon Brockway?

Group of answer choices

incapacitation

rehabilitation

retribution

deterrence

Flag question: Question 14Question 142 pts

Therapeutic communities are:

Group of answer choices

group therapy sessions used by cognitive behavioral therapy programs.

The locations where the risk assessments take place for evidence-based practices.

Residential settings for drug and alcohol treatment that use the community spirit generated by the influence of peers and various group processes to help individuals overcome addictions that occur within a prison.

Community treatment centers that focus on drug and alcohol treatment.

Flag question: Question 15Question 152 pts

Research demonstrates that mentally ill individuals are:

Group of answer choices

more likely to be offenders than victims.

more likely to be victims than offenders.

less likely to be convicted for a violent offense.

more criminal than the general population.

Flag question: Question 16Question 162 pts

How many months do residential substance abuse treatments typically last?

Group of answer choices

1 month

3 months

6 to 12 months

2 to 5 months

Flag question: Question 17Question 172 pts

Which of the following statements is true?

Group of answer choices

Pharmacological treatment can supplant traditional treatment methods for alcoholism and drug abuse.

Pharmacological treatment augments, not replaces, traditional treatment methods for alcoholism and drug abuse.

There are no viable treatment options for alcoholism and drug abuse.

Pharmacological treatment is ineffective in reducing cravings and relapses among alcoholics.

Flag question: Question 18Question 182 pts

Correctional work is promised on the assumption that

Group of answer choices

people can change.

people do not change.

all people are criminals.

not everyone is a criminal

Flag question: Question 19Question 192 pts

Glaze and Palla (2005) indicate a success rate of 60% for probationers in 2004, the same figure for successful completion of parole was only ______.

Group of answer choices

10%

27%

33%

46%

Flag question: Question 20Question 202 pts

The process of reintegrating offenders back into their communities regardless of whether or not they were integrated into it in a prosocial way before they entered prison is known as:

Group of answer choices

parole

probation

programming

reentry

Flag question: Question 21Question 212 pts

Parole granted to an offender after a board chooses to do so is known as:

Group of answer choices

unconditional release

discretionary parole

mandatory parole

parole board

Flag question: Question 22Question 222 pts

Parole is different than probation insofar as it:

Group of answer choices

is an administrative function

is a judicial function

is dependent entirely on the good time an offender earns

involves a formal legal trial to determine guilt or innocence

Flag question: Question 23Question 232 pts

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between probation and parole are true?

Group of answer choices

parolees have spent time in prison before being released

in all of the states, both parolees and probationers are supervised by separate agencies

probationers have spent time in prison prior to being released into the community

probation is an administrative function

Flag question: Question 24Question 242 pts

The finding that the parole success rate for Utah is 19%, whereas the rate for Massachusetts is 83% suggests that:

Group of answer choices

Massachusetts has been far more successful at fostering successful parolees.

parolees in Utah are more resistant to rehabilitation programming than their counterparts in other states.

The two states have dramatically different reentry programs that can account for the different parole success rates.

The two states have drastically different standards that define parole succes

Question 25Question 252 pts

The mark system was based on:

Group of answer choices

a convict's ability to convince a magistrate of his/her innocence.

the speedy and efficient performance of tasks.

a set of punishments convicts received for violating institutional rules.

all of these.