1- Which answer does not define planning?

a- providing a unity of purpose for organizations and subsystems

b- preparation for tomorrow, today.

c- None of the above is considered part of the definition of planning.

d- All the above is considered part of the definition of planning.

2- Someone who is a leader and manager can:

a- Empower and provide the components for growth.

b- plan and organize.

c- none of the above.

d- all the above.

3-Top, Middle, and Lower Management have varying different responsibilities. Which management level takes on the most planning?

a- first-line management.

b- top management

c- middle management.

d- none of the above.

4- A leader who is making decisions arbitrarily without employee involvement or in an authoritarian manner is taking a free reign approach to decision making.

a- true.

b- false

5- when deciding as a group, Delphi Decisions are more a group based and led by groupthink. whereas nominal decisions are focused on.

a- structure-based decisions.

b- non-structure-based decisions.

c- none of the above.

d- all of the above.