1. Which of the following does NOT happen in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis? the synthesis...

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1. Which of the following does NOT happen in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis? the synthesis of a three-carbon carbohydrate the incorporation of CO2 into an organic molecule by RUBISCO hydrolysis of ATP to ADP reduction of NADP+ to NADPH 2. Where is are the chlorophyll molecules located in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis? in the thylakoid membranes in the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm in the stroma of the chloroplasts in the lumen of the thylakoids in the chloroplasts 3. Which of the following takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? fermentation and the citric acid cycle pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation glycolysis and fermentation the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation O O O O O 4. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding redox reactions? (Select all that apply.) Oxidizing agents accept H+ ions. If a molecule accepts electrons, it has been reduced. Reducing agents accept H atoms. A molecule that has gained H atoms is said to be reduced. Oxidizing agents accept electrons. Redox reactions may involve the transfer of hydrogen ions (H+). 0 0 0 0 5. In the reactions of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy is transferred to the bonds in: (Select all that apply.) ⒸATP. All of these choices are correct. fats. electron carriers. 6. The approximate yield of ATP molecules from the full oxidation of a molecule of glucose is: O 2. 32. O 64. O 6. O 12. 7. In which form are electrons transferred during typical redox reactions such as the oxidation of glucose? Oas phosphate groups Oas carbon atoms O as free electrons as hydrogen atoms Oas oxygen atoms 8. Which is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? O citric acid cycle Ophotosynthesis O oxidative phosphorylation O glycolysis 9. Which one of the following represents the REDUCED forms of the two major electron carriers? NAD+ and FAD NADH and FAD NAD+ and FADH2 NADH and FADH2 10. Oxidation is the gain of electrons. True False 11. In cellular respiration, glucose is deoxygenated; phosphorylated phosphorylated; deoxygenated oxidized; reduced oxidized; oxidized reduced; oxidized 12. In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in: the endoplasmic reticulum. Ovacuoles. O O O O the cytoplasm. the matrix of the mitochondria. the nucleus. to CO₂ and oxygen is 13. The first phase of glycolysis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore: endergonic. to water. O reducing. None of the other answer options is correct. exergonic. oxidative. 14. By the time pyruvate is formed, most of the energy contained in glucose has been released. O True O False 15. Complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ involves two different mechanisms for synthesizing ATP: oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation: (Select all that apply.) occurs in the mitochondria. Ⓒoccurs in the cytosol. O requires an electron transport chain. occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Orequires activity of the enzyme ATP synthase. 16. Order the following list of molecules according to their potential energy from high to low. A. ATP B. NADH C. NAD+ D. FADH₂ Font Family Font Size B I U A. ¹2. M Σ | Ξ Ξ 17. The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule, Ooxaloacetate O citrate O acetyl-CoA O fructose 6-diphosphate O pyruvate is regenerated at the end. 18. Very low concentrations of detergent make membranes leaky to small molecules and ions without damaging proteins. In isolated mitochondria exposed to detergent, the molecules of the electron transport chain and of ATP synthase remain intact. Do you expect ATP synthesis to continue in the presence of low concentrations of detergent? Yes, because all enzymes and electron carriers are functional. O No, because with a leaky membrane, the proton gradient cannot be maintained. O No, because leaky membranes inhibit glycolysis. O No, because leaky membranes do not allow NADH and FADH₂ to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. 19. Photosynthesis is the pathway used to synthesize carbohydrates from: O oxygen. Osunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. O sunlight. O carbon dioxide. O sunlight, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. 20. In plants and algae, O NADPH 0 H2O O CO₂ O 0₂ Ο Hit is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis. 21. Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain? O ATP and NADPH Owater and carbohydrates oxygen and carbohydrates carbohydrates and ATP 22. Where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain located in plant cells? in the outer membrane of the chloroplast O in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in the stroma of the chloroplast in the inner membrane of the chloroplast 23. Which product(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) exported from the chloroplast for use by the plant cell? Osucrose and glucose RuBP Otriose phosphates NADPH 24. What is the INITIAL carbon input in the Calvin cycle? CO₂ triose phosphate rubisco C6H12O6 25. In the Calvin cycle, NADPH is: O oxidized. Ooxidized and reduced. reduced. O None of the other answer options is correct. phosphorylated. 26. The products of the Calvin cycle are 3-carbon sugars. O True False 27. Which of the following are products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that are required by reactions in the Calvin cycle? O ATP and NADPH ATP and oxygen Water and NADPH O NADP+ and oxygen 28. The pH in the stroma of the chloroplast should be Ohigher; higher Ohigher; lower O lower; higher Olower; lower O ATP yield would increase. There would be no change. 29. Suppose you discovered a mutant strain of spinach in which the thylakoid membranes were slightly permeable to protons, thus allowing a slow leakage. (Remember that normal membranes are not permeable to protons at all.) How might this defect affect the yield of ATP and/or NADPH from the light reactions? O NADPH yield would decrease. O ATP yield would decrease. O NADPH yield would increase. 30. ATP production in photosynthesis requires: O electrons. compared with the thylakoid lumen due to the Olight, electrons, and protons. O light. Olight and protons. O protons. concentration of protons in the thylakoid lumen. 1. Which of the following does NOT happen in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis? the synthesis of a three-carbon carbohydrate the incorporation of CO2 into an organic molecule by RUBISCO hydrolysis of ATP to ADP reduction of NADP+ to NADPH 2. Where is are the chlorophyll molecules located in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis? in the thylakoid membranes in the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm in the stroma of the chloroplasts in the lumen of the thylakoids in the chloroplasts 3. Which of the following takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? fermentation and the citric acid cycle pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation glycolysis and fermentation the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation O O O O O 4. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding redox reactions? (Select all that apply.) Oxidizing agents accept H+ ions. If a molecule accepts electrons, it has been reduced. Reducing agents accept H atoms. A molecule that has gained H atoms is said to be reduced. Oxidizing agents accept electrons. Redox reactions may involve the transfer of hydrogen ions (H+). 0 0 0 0 5. In the reactions of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy is transferred to the bonds in: (Select all that apply.) ⒸATP. All of these choices are correct. fats. electron carriers. 6. The approximate yield of ATP molecules from the full oxidation of a molecule of glucose is: O 2. 32. O 64. O 6. O 12. 7. In which form are electrons transferred during typical redox reactions such as the oxidation of glucose? Oas phosphate groups Oas carbon atoms O as free electrons as hydrogen atoms Oas oxygen atoms 8. Which is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? O citric acid cycle Ophotosynthesis O oxidative phosphorylation O glycolysis 9. Which one of the following represents the REDUCED forms of the two major electron carriers? NAD+ and FAD NADH and FAD NAD+ and FADH2 NADH and FADH2 10. Oxidation is the gain of electrons. True False 11. In cellular respiration, glucose is deoxygenated; phosphorylated phosphorylated; deoxygenated oxidized; reduced oxidized; oxidized reduced; oxidized 12. In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in: the endoplasmic reticulum. Ovacuoles. O O O O the cytoplasm. the matrix of the mitochondria. the nucleus. to CO₂ and oxygen is 13. The first phase of glycolysis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore: endergonic. to water. O reducing. None of the other answer options is correct. exergonic. oxidative. 14. By the time pyruvate is formed, most of the energy contained in glucose has been released. O True O False 15. Complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ involves two different mechanisms for synthesizing ATP: oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation: (Select all that apply.) occurs in the mitochondria. Ⓒoccurs in the cytosol. O requires an electron transport chain. occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Orequires activity of the enzyme ATP synthase. 16. Order the following list of molecules according to their potential energy from high to low. A. ATP B. NADH C. NAD+ D. FADH₂ Font Family Font Size B I U A. ¹2. M Σ | Ξ Ξ 17. The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule, Ooxaloacetate O citrate O acetyl-CoA O fructose 6-diphosphate O pyruvate is regenerated at the end. 18. Very low concentrations of detergent make membranes leaky to small molecules and ions without damaging proteins. In isolated mitochondria exposed to detergent, the molecules of the electron transport chain and of ATP synthase remain intact. Do you expect ATP synthesis to continue in the presence of low concentrations of detergent? Yes, because all enzymes and electron carriers are functional. O No, because with a leaky membrane, the proton gradient cannot be maintained. O No, because leaky membranes inhibit glycolysis. O No, because leaky membranes do not allow NADH and FADH₂ to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. 19. Photosynthesis is the pathway used to synthesize carbohydrates from: O oxygen. Osunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. O sunlight. O carbon dioxide. O sunlight, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. 20. In plants and algae, O NADPH 0 H2O O CO₂ O 0₂ Ο Hit is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis. 21. Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain? O ATP and NADPH Owater and carbohydrates oxygen and carbohydrates carbohydrates and ATP 22. Where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain located in plant cells? in the outer membrane of the chloroplast O in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in the stroma of the chloroplast in the inner membrane of the chloroplast 23. Which product(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) exported from the chloroplast for use by the plant cell? Osucrose and glucose RuBP Otriose phosphates NADPH 24. What is the INITIAL carbon input in the Calvin cycle? CO₂ triose phosphate rubisco C6H12O6 25. In the Calvin cycle, NADPH is: O oxidized. Ooxidized and reduced. reduced. O None of the other answer options is correct. phosphorylated. 26. The products of the Calvin cycle are 3-carbon sugars. O True False 27. Which of the following are products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that are required by reactions in the Calvin cycle? O ATP and NADPH ATP and oxygen Water and NADPH O NADP+ and oxygen 28. The pH in the stroma of the chloroplast should be Ohigher; higher Ohigher; lower O lower; higher Olower; lower O ATP yield would increase. There would be no change. 29. Suppose you discovered a mutant strain of spinach in which the thylakoid membranes were slightly permeable to protons, thus allowing a slow leakage. (Remember that normal membranes are not permeable to protons at all.) How might this defect affect the yield of ATP and/or NADPH from the light reactions? O NADPH yield would decrease. O ATP yield would decrease. O NADPH yield would increase. 30. ATP production in photosynthesis requires: O electrons. compared with the thylakoid lumen due to the Olight, electrons, and protons. O light. Olight and protons. O protons. concentration of protons in the thylakoid lumen.