$1.$ Which subnet does host $172\mathrm{.}31\mathrm{.}199\mathrm{.}202/28$ belong to$?$

$2.$ What is the last valid host on the subnetwork $172\mathrm{.}19\mathrm{.}64\mathrm{.}0255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}240\mathrm{.}0?$

$3.$ What is the last valid host on the subnetwork $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}240\mathrm{.}192/27?$

$4.$ What is the first valid host on the subnetwork that the node $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}157\mathrm{.}146255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}252$ belongs to$?$

$5.$ What is the last valid host on the subnetwork $172\mathrm{.}29\mathrm{.}224\mathrm{.}0255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}0?$

$6.$ What is the last valid host on the subnetwork $172\mathrm{.}31\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}248\mathrm{.}0?$

$7.$ What valid host range is the IP address $172\mathrm{.}20\mathrm{.}225\mathrm{.}109/24$ a part of$?$

$8.$ What valid host range is the IP address $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}57\mathrm{.}149/28$ a part of$?$

$9.$ What is the broadcast address of the network $172\mathrm{.}18\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}0255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}252\mathrm{.}0?$

$10.$ What is the first valid host on the subnetwork that the node $172\mathrm{.}23\mathrm{.}242\mathrm{.}21255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}248\mathrm{.}0$ belongs to$?$

$11.$ What valid host range is the IP address $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}221\mathrm{.}30/26$ a part of$?$

$12.$ How many subnets and hosts per subnet can you get from the network $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}222\mathrm{.}0255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}248?$

$13.$ You are designing a subnet mask for the $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}62\mathrm{.}0$ network. You want $20$ subnets with up to $4$ hosts on each subnet. What subnet mask should you use?

$14.$ What is the broadcast address of the network $172\mathrm{.}26\mathrm{.}184\mathrm{.}192/28?$

$15.$ What is the broadcast address of the network $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}14\mathrm{.}36255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}252?$