10. Other things being equal, what causes a decrease in demand?

a) rise in the price of the substitute b) fall in the price of the commodity c) rise in the income of the consumer d) rise in the price of the commodity

11. Deflation is

a) deficit budget b) reduction in taxation c) contraction in volume of money or credit that results in a decline of price level d) increase in public expenditure

12. Bank rate means

a) interest rate charged by moneylenders b) interest rate charged by scheduled banks c) rate of profit of the banking institution d) the official rate of interest charged by the central bank of the country