12.8.4*: Use laws given in this section to transform the first of each pair of ex pressions into the second. To save effort, you may omit steps that use laws 12.5 through 12.13, which are analogous to arithmetic. For example, commutativity and associativity of AND and OR may be assumed a) Transform pq +rs into (p+r)(ps)(+rs). h) Transform pq + pr into p(r). d) e) Transform pg ? r into (p ? r) + (q ? r). Transform NOT (pq ? r) into p