1.3 The third platform: Jafari's Adaptancy Platform (developed during early 1980s) The Cautionary Platform identified the potential negative impacts to tourism, but did not articulated models of tourism that would avoid these effects and actually realize the array of benefits described by the supporters of the Advocacy Platform. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, there were discussions on perceived solutions that marked the beginning of the Adaptancy Platform. The platform suggests one of the adaptations, which is 'alternative' modes of tourism activities that are positive for host communities (alternative tourism) (e.g. home stays). Alternative tourism means that it is alternative to mass tourism. Alternative tourism characteristics, accordingly, are distinguished by the degree to which they contrast with mass tourism, as for example in supporting locally owned small-scale enterprises rather than those that are externally owned and large-scale. Ecotourism notably first appeared in the mid-1980s as a manifestation of alternative tourism that emphasizes attractions based on the natural environment. In conclusion, alternative tourism is presented as 'good' tourism, and mass tourism is seen as 'bad' tourism.