15) A positive feedback loop has all the following characteristics except: a) Stable over time b) Over time, typically grow or weaken in a non-linear manner c) Can be viscous or virtuous d) Unstable over time e) None of the above 16) According to Dr. J. Liker, all of the following are true except: a) The U.S. has been exposed to TPS for at least two decades b) Typically, U.S. management adopts a few technical tools c) U.S. companies have embraced lean tools d) U.S. companies have learned what makes lean to work as a system. e) If you have not efficiently worked out the manual process, it will not be clear where you need automation to support the process 17) All are true about systems thinking except a) The definition of complexity is not fully agreed upon amongst experts b) In the Cyenefin framework, standard operation procedures work well in the complicated domain c) People tend to get confused when there is a long tie delay between cause and effect d) A systemic approach can often avoid negative unintended consequences 18) All of the following are types of accounting cost except: aFixed b) Assets c) Direct d) Product